Heart Risk in Men Linked to Migraines
Men who suffer from migraine headaches appear to be at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, mostly due to a higher risk of having a heart attack, say researchers at the annual meeting of the American Heart Association.
But the advice to men with or without migraines is the same, experts say: Pay attention to heart risk factors such as elevated blood pressure and cholesterol.
"Migraine has been associated with major risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as hypertension and elevated cholesterol," says study author Dr. Tobias Kurth at Harvard Medical School.
"So patients with migraine should focus on traditional risk factors until we understand why migraine is linked with cardiovascular disease," says Dr. Kurth.
Previous research by the same team of investigators found an association in women who experienced migraines with "aura," or visual disturbances preceding the attack.
This time, the researchers followed more than 20,000 men participating in the Physicians' Health Study, all of whom were free of heart disease at the beginning of the study.
Over the next nearly 16 years, 7 percent of participants reported having migraines.
Compared with men who did not report migraines, migraine sufferers had a 42 percent increased risk of heart attack, the study found. This was similar to the relative risk found in the study of women.
Overall, men with migraines were at 24 percent increased risk of major cardiovascular events, with heart attacks being the leading reported problem.
"This translated into an additional risk of two major events per 10,000 men per year," says Dr. Kurth. "The absolute risk increase is rather on the low side."
Men with migraine had a 12 percent increased risk of ischemic stroke and a 7 percent increased risk of cardiovascular death. However, the authors say neither figure was statistically significant, meaning it could have occurred by chance.
Also, the average age of the participants was 56, so the findings cannot be extrapolated to younger men. In general, migraines occur more frequently among younger people.
The researchers had no information on migraine aura in these men, so it is unclear if the findings are restricted to that type of migraine or not.
Other questions remain.
"We don't know what the possible mechanisms are," notes Dr. Kurth.
"Migraine is associated with other risk factors such as hypertension and cholesterol, and there is an association between migraine and inflammatory markers," he says. "Whether these factors really cause the association is unknown at this point.
"Until we know more, the things that should be considered are major [heart] risk factors," he continues. "If you have this marker for increased risk and you have other risk factors, those should be modified and treated."
Always consult your physician for more information.
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According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the pain of a migraine headache is often described as an intense pulsing or throbbing pain in one area of the head.
It is often accompanied by extreme sensitivity to light and sound, nausea, and vomiting.
Migraine is three times more common in women than in men.
Some individuals can predict the onset of a migraine because it is preceded by an "aura," a visual disturbance that appears as flashing lights, zig-zag lines, or a temporary loss of vision.
NINDS states that persons with migraine tend to have recurring attacks triggered by a lack of food or sleep, exposure to light, or hormonal irregularities (only in women).
Anxiety, stress, or relaxation after stress can also be triggers.
Until recently, scientists mostly thought that migraines were linked to the dilation and constriction of blood vessels in the head.
Investigators now think that migraine is caused by inherited abnormalities in genes that control the activities of certain cell populations in the brain, according to NINDS.
There are two ways to approach the treatment of migraine headache with medications: prevent the attacks or relieve the symptoms during the attacks.
Many individuals with migraine use both approaches by taking medications originally developed for epilepsy and depression to prevent future attacks, and treating attacks when they happen with medications called triptans that relieve pain and restore function.
Stress management strategies, such as exercise, relaxation, biofeedback, and other therapies designed to help limit discomfort, may also reduce the occurrence and severity of migraine attacks.
Taking a combination of medications to prevent and treat migraine attacks when they happen helps most people with migraine to limit the disabling effects of these headaches.
New research, states NINDS, is looking at whether a migraine is the result of fundamental neurological abnormalities caused by genetic mutations at work in the brain.
Investigations of the more rare, familial subtypes of migraine are yielding information about specific genes and what they do, or do not do, to cause the pain of migraine headache.
Understanding the cascade of biological events that happen in the brain to cause a migraine, and the mechanisms that underlie these events, will give researchers opportunities to develop and test medications that could prevent or interrupt a migraine attack, reports NINDS.
Always consult your physician for more information.
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